Rules for planting beans in open ground and caring for them

Some garden crops are grown for more than just the harvest. Planting beans on the site will help solve several problems at the same time. They will provide the family with healthy vegetables with a rich composition and high nutritional value, enrich the soil with nitrogen and make it looser. Their highly branched roots, forming real dense thickets under the ground, interfere with the development of weeds and reliably protect the surface fertile soil layer from being washed out by rains. Black Russian beans are surprisingly unpretentious and require almost no maintenance. Within 2 months after planting, each plant will bear 6-16 fruits, which can be cooked without resorting to peeling.

Site requirements

The beans will show the highest productivity on fertile loose loamy soils, which are characterized by a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction. But even in a soil poor in nutrients, they can successfully grow and bear fruit. Beans need potassium for full development. If this element is not enough in the ground, you will have to artificially introduce it before planting. Professionals advise fertilizing the beds with wood ash or organic compounds.

Plants will need a lot of light, so choose the sunniest area for them in the garden. Cold and too wet sandy ground is absolutely not suitable for beans. The seeds sown in it will most likely not sprout, but simply rot. An ideal place for plants is a small hill, which is well warmed by the sun, freed from snow early and from which water flows down during heavy rains.

Beans react poorly to an excess of nitrogen in the soil. Observance of crop rotation is very important for this crop. You can not make beds for plants in areas where their relatives were located last season: beans, peas, soybeans, chickpeas, lentils, peanuts. The soil suits them after growing the following crops:

• potatoes;
• tomatoes;
• cucumbers;
• pumpkins;
• cabbage.

But in the place vacated after their harvesting, all crops will develop well, except for legumes.

Landing dates

The beans are propagated by seeds. They are large in size, so there is no need to thoroughly prepare the soil for planting them. They can be sown in open ground already at the beginning of April, when the snow will melt from the site and the earth will dry out slightly. They are not afraid of spring frosts: the planting material can easily withstand temperatures as low as -4 ° C. For the seeds to sprout together, the soil must be warmed up to at least 5 ° C.

In cold climates, beans are grown through seedlings. In this case, they are sown in separate containers. The procedure is carried out 30-35 days before the planned date of planting plants in the beds (usually mid-May). This method is also used when you want to eat the harvest faster. Before placing the seedlings on a permanent site, they are hardened.

Advice

If you plant the seeds in stages, every month, properly caring for the sprouts, it will be possible to harvest the beans from the beans until the fall.

Sowing is carried out in 2 ways:

• on a flat area, leaving 40 cm of free space between the seeds;
• on the beds, reducing the distance between adjacent beans to 20-25 cm for dwarf varieties and up to 10-12 cm for tall ones.

The row spacings are made wide - not less than 45 cm. Most often, the beans are planted in 2 rows. This way the plants will bear more fruit and it will be easier to care for them. If black Russian beans are selected for breeding, the row spacing is reduced to 30 cm, and the seeds are laid out with a small interval - about 3-5 cm.It is better to plant them down with a scar: this way the seedlings will appear faster.

Sowing is carried out in moist soil. It will not be superfluous to water the beds after it ends. The planting material is pre-prepared by placing the seeds in water (for 5-6 hours) or in a growth stimulator (for 2-4 hours). You can wet a piece of cloth and wrap them in it so that they hatch. The depth to which the beans are buried depends on the quality of the soil. If it is light, make the seed hole 6-7 centimeters long. If it is heavy, 3-5 cm will be enough. Having dug in the seeds, mulch the surface of the garden. It will take 14 to 20 days for the young beans to emerge from the ground. After that, the main task is to provide competent care for the plantings.

Subtleties of agricultural technology

Outdoors, the beans don't have to pay much attention. They belong to drought-resistant crops, but if it has not rained for a long time, the plantings need to be watered. They do this twice a week, spending at least 10 liters of water per square meter. It is very important to regularly carry out care in the form of moisturizing at the stage of budding, flowering and ovary formation. Lack of water during this period will significantly reduce plant productivity. Their flowers will begin to wither and fall off, the same fate may befall the already formed pods.

Excess moisture is also harmful to beans, especially in the early stages of their development. Seedlings will actively increase the green mass, but they will not please with abundant flowering. Fruits on plants are set at a temperature of 20-22 ° C. In hotter weather, when the air heats up to 25 ° C and above, you may not expect a good harvest. Frequent feeding of the beans is not required. At the germination stage, they are fed with mullein (0.5 l) and urea (1 tbsp. L).

Both fertilizers are thoroughly mixed in 10 liters of water. The resulting solution is poured over the plantings, spending 0.5 liters of the nutrient mixture for each bush. Further care includes feeding with herbal infusion diluted 1:10 or 1:15. It is carried out once a season, choosing the time for the procedure after weeding.

Tall beans are tied up to make it easier to care for them. The easiest way is to install a trellis for them. They do it like this:

• after planting, support stakes are driven into the soil at the edges of the rows. Their height should be 1-1.2 m;
• when the seedlings grow a little, a wire is pulled on the stakes with an interval of 30 cm.

Growing secrets

To grow beans more successful, regular soil loosening is carried out. In the spring, while the seedlings are still small, it is recommended to spud them with a hoe. The culture does not like the neighborhood of weeds, so the beds must be kept clean.

When the plants are covered with flowers, the upper part of their stems is pinched, shortening by 10-15 cm. The tender and juicy shoots attract the black bean aphid, for which they are a favorite delicacy. Getting rid of this pest will not be easy. Pinching also affects the ripening of the fruit, making it more uniform.

The first crop of beans outdoors can be harvested in early summer. It is important not to be late with the deadlines, otherwise the fruits will overripe, becoming slightly edible - fibrous and tough. You can eat beans of milk ripeness, which have reached a length of 10-15 cm. In fully finished fruits, seeds are visible through the valves. First of all, the lower beans are removed from the bush, and the rest are harvested as they ripen. If the leaves are already blackened, it is best to leave the fruit on the plant so that you can later get seeds from it for planting.

Black Russian beans have a long history of cultivation. They were an important part of the diet of our ancestors, who appreciated this vegetable crop for its simplicity of agricultural technology and health benefits. When eating bean dishes, the feeling of satiety persists for a long time, they saturate the body with the vitamins, minerals and trace elements it needs. They are also used in folk medicine, providing anti-inflammatory, astringent and diuretic effects.

Plants are not afraid of heat and cold, and the presence of a powerful root system and a massive stem does not allow them to break under the weight of the crop or strong wind. Beans are the perfect fertilizer.During their entire life cycle, they will enrich the soil with nitrogen. And when it is completed, the bushes can be pulled out of the ground and buried during the autumn work on the site. The stem and leaves of the beans will quickly decompose, saturating the soil with nutrients.